Hello Jisoo,

Here are my answers to your questions:

1. origin : 기원, 근원, (사람의)출신/혈통/태생
Many English words are from Latin in origin.
* 여기서 in origin 대신, originally 써도 되나요?

-> Yes you can.



2. 번역 확인 부탁드립니다.
The Russian president recently enacted laws meant to restrict homosexuals from living openly in the country, even threatening to arrest gay tourists who visit for next year’s Sochi Winter Olympics.
러시아의 대통령은 최근 동성애 사람들이 국가에서 개방적으로 살아가는 것을 제지하기 위해 법을 제정했으며   심지어 내년 소치 동계 올림픽으로 방문하는 게이 관광객을 체포하기 위해 위협을 가하고 있다. 
* 여기서, 체호하기 위해 위협을 가하고 있다고 봐야하는건가요 아니면 체포하겠다고(아직 안하지만 이렇게까지 할 수 있다) 위협하는 거로 해석이 되어야하나요?


-> I think it depends on how you read it but I would say the latter. Saying you are threatening to do something usually means that this is not being done and you are blackmailing someone that they will do something.





3. Sitting at the bar Thursday, drinking a lager, patron Scott Finch said he’s in support of the boycott, calling Putin’s actions against gays “criminal.”
* 여기서 patron 을 후원자라고 해석해주셨는데, 단골손님이 가게이고 하니까 문맥상 더 어울리지 않나요?

-> I definitely agree. I think 단골손님 would be a perfectly fitting word in this context.


4. nothing but 그것은 이거다
     He is nothing but a good man. 그는 정말 멋진 사람이다.
    * 이게 뉘앙스가 어떻게 되나요? 부정적인가요?
        그는 그냥 좋은 사람이기만 해. 이런느낌?

-> This is actually a very commonly used positive comment. The sentence is literally saying ‘다른것 (부정적인면)은 하나도 없고 좋은 사람이다’ which definitely means a compliment.



5. Alas, you would be ruling out a delicious cheese made of goat's milk that is often served as a starter in France.
* 여기서 rule out a delicious cheese 라고 되어있는데, 보통 phrasal verb면
rule + something + out 이 되어야할 것 같은데, rule out +something인가요?

->

Correct grammar:

- Rule something out
- Rule out something
- Rule it out

Wrong grammar:

- Rule out it




6. ~~~~says Samantha Langley, a former lawyer who is now a court-approved French-to-English legal translator based in Meribel, France.
* 일반적으로 based in ~ 라고 하면, 여기 출신 사람인건가요 아니면 여기에 현재 거주중인 사람인가요?
* 기업의 경우에도 어떤 기업 based in ~ 라고 하면, 거기에서 처음 생겨난 기업인건지 아니면 거기에서 현재 영업중인건지 잘 모르겠습니다.


-> Usually ‘based in’ means they are currently residing there. Similarly, if a company is based in somewhere, the company is being operated in the city.


7. they pick up spoken foreign languages and translate them for the user.
* pick up 도 마찬가지로 pick something up 이 아니라 pick up something 인가요?
이런 경우는 그냥 외워야하나요?

-> They are both correct. Please refer to #5.


8.There's no doubt that CAT tools have taken some of the hard grind out of text translations like instruction manuals or questionnaires, says Milan-based Paola Grassi
* grind : 고된일, 따분한 일이라는 뜻인데, 여기서 해석을 오래걸리는 단순 번역이라고 해도 되겠죠?

-> Yes definitely.

+ 우리가 일반적으로 (막내들이 하는) 단순 페이퍼워크, 잡무, 잡일이라고 할 떄, grind = donkey work 라고 보면 되나요?

-> You could, but that is not usually the right connotation of the term grind. I will continue my explanation below.

+ 우리도 일할 떄 스스로를 갈아넣는다는 표현을 쓰고는 하는데, grind ourselves라는 표현도 있나요?

-> The expression is similarly used in a slangy manner but you would not say “grind ourselves.” People typically say “they are grinding” when they are working really hard on something usually for a very long. Hustle is a similar word.

I hope it helps.

Best regards,

Mason U, CMI-Korean
Business Interpretation and Translation in Korean (BIT-K) Instructor